Responsibility on account of Abstention from Doing Public ‎Duty When Needed

Responsibility on account of Abstention from Doing Public ‎Duty When Needed

Jamal Al-Kilani

alfeqhdep@najah.edu

Received : 17-02-2004 , Accepted : 15-06-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study, entitled “Responsibility on account of Abstention from Doing Public Duty When Needed”, includes two part, an introduction and a conclusion. In the first theme, I talk about Islam’s consideration of the principle of cooperation and solidarity in the community as a duty stressed by Islamic Shari’ah in time of need. In the second theme, I talk about responsibility or obligation on account of abstention from assisting others in the Shari'ah law. I show that mundane law did not consider the abstainer responsible for the consequences of his/her abstention whereas Islamic Shari’ah ruled abstainer as murderer, in some doctrines (Mathaheb) when abstention resulted in death of the person needing assistance.

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The Paratext in Fadwa Tukan`s Poetical Experience" the Introductory Text- as a Model"

The Paratext in Fadwa Tukan`s Poetical Experience" the Introductory Text- as a Model"

Abdel Al-Raheem Hamdan

abedhamdan2000@yahoo.com

Received : 05-08-2006 , Accepted : 08-02-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This critical study aims at investigating the basic elements of the Paratext which involves other texts which accompany the original prose or poetic texts such as the title, the dedication, the introduction, and the margins, among others. This study focused on two types of introductory speech: the dedication and the introduction as they are important to decode and enlighten the sides of the text and encourage the reader to get through the main text. This study also aims to analyze the elements of introductory speech to explain the artistic and the semantic characteristics in relation to the main text from one side and to the poet's creative attitudes from the other.

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Haj Amin Al-Hussieni between Traditional Dogmatism and Political ‎Pragmatism: Case Study in the Palestinian Political Elites

Haj Amin Al-Hussieni between Traditional Dogmatism and Political ‎Pragmatism: Case Study in the Palestinian Political Elites

Ayman Yousef

ayman_yousef@yahoo.com

Received : 12-07-2006 , Accepted : 08-02-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This Research deals with an important and a crucial issue which of the Palestinian political elites during British Mandate 1920- 1947 by referring to bibliography of Haj Amin. This begins with defining and highlighting various theoretical paradigms that deal with the elites in general and the Arab and the Palestinian elites in particular. Then the research goes on deeply to analyze the meaning of dogmatism and political pragmatism and their place in the thoughts, practices and conflict management of Haj Amin during the times of crises with the Jews and the British Administration

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Troubled Credit Determinants at the Palestinian Banks‎

Troubled Credit Determinants at the Palestinian Banks‎

Muffeed Al-Thaher, Islam Abdel-Jawad, Burhan Omar

islamjawad@najah.edu

Received : 08-07-2006 , Accepted : 08-02-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the most important factors affecting the problem of the troubled loans at Palestinian banks as well as the relative importance of these factors, and thus enabling the banks to find solutions for the determined problems. The study used a descriptive approach. Data was collected through a questionaire that was distributed to a selected sample of credit officers of banks operating in Palestine in addition to another sample of defaulted clients. The factors causing troubled loans problem were divided into three categories: bank’s credit policy, market conditions and client’s behavior. This study highlighted the most important factors within each category. As for the credit policy, the study revealed that the credit analysis was inadequate and there was a lack of information in this regard. It was also found that follow up of clients after being granted credit facilities was not sufficient. Pertaining to the market conditions, it was found that the prolonged closure policy and the military roadblocks caused a loss of markets, the economic recession, lack of security and the weak legal system were main reasons for the troubled facilities. In regards to the clients’ behavior, it was found that the failure to use the loan for the main purpose that was granted to, the unplanned expansion in investment, the increase of indebtedness, change of behavior and clients’ credibility had all led to the troubled debts. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the responses concerning the importance of factors related to the credit policy and clients’ behavior between credit officers on one side and the defaulted clients on the other. However, no statistical difference was found concerning the importance of the market conditions in causing the troubled debts. Finally, the study recommended that banks are called to concentrate more on credit analysis and depend on accurate and reliable information for extending loans.

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Regulation of Charities in Palestine‎

Regulation of Charities in Palestine‎

Ghassan Khaled

ghassank19@hotmail.com

Received : 19-07-2005 , Accepted : 08-02-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This is an academic study on regulating charities in Palestine. Its importance lies in the scarcity of works that deal with such topic. The study consists of three chapters. Chapter one explains the charity characteristics starting with considering a charity as a legal person that has an independent financial obligation.It has a name, residence and nationality. The charity also represents an agreement that has all features of a true contract. Expenditure in the charity is controlled objectively in accordance with law. Membership is personal and unheritable or transmittable. Finally, the charity is tax-exempted. Chapter two deals with founding and registering the charity passing through the charity by-laws and statements and the various stages of the registration process and its consequencies in cases of accepting or rejecting registration application. The third and last chapter deals with managing the charity and the duties of all concerned with the administration.

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The Critical Impact of Al-Jurjani’s Book "Mediation between Al-Mutanabi and his Adversaries"

The Critical Impact of Al-Jurjani’s Book "Mediation between Al-Mutanabi and his Adversaries"

Hasan Abu-Alrob

abuhmmam100@hotmail.com

Received : 15-05-2006 , Accepted : 08-02-2007

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This Study examines the book by Abu al -Hassan al- Jurjani’s work which is entitled: “Mediation Between al – Mutanabi and his Adversaries”. The study deals with critical impact discussed in his book. The study also discusses the reasons behind Al-Jurjani’s mediation and the sources he referred to in his book. It concludes that Al –Jurjani has adopted a new approach which differs in the criterion used or his perspective to some critical poetic issues.

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A Cancer – Prone Personality: A Comparative Study Between ‎Cancerd and Noncancerd Persons

A Cancer – Prone Personality: A Comparative Study Between ‎Cancerd and Noncancerd Persons

Ziad Barakat

zeiadb@yahoo.com

Al-Quds Open University, Tulkarem Educational Region, Palestine

Received : 06-06-2005 , Accepted : 24-05-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aims to compare between cancerd and noncancerd persons in some emotional traits of personality: Depression, death anxiety, extraversion– introversion, stable– unstable, emotional distribution, and optimistic– pessimistic personality. To achieve this aim some instruments were applied to the sample which consisted of (96) persons (48 cancerd, and 48 noncancerd persons). The results showed the following: (1) The personality traits become available among the cancered persons such as: Death anxiety, extraversion– introversion, stable– unstable, emotional distribution, optimistic– pessimistic personality, and depression. However, these personality traits become available among the noncancerd persons such as: emotional distribution, extraversion – Introversion, stable– unstable, depression, and optimistic– pessimistic personality. (2) There were statistical significant main differences between cancerd and noncancerd persons in all personality traits, the cancerd persons indicated high and positive attitudes towards the traits of: Depression, death anxiety, Introversion, unstable, emotionality, and pessimistic personality. (3) There were no statistical significant main differences between cancer patients in many malignant tumor cancers in personality traits of: Depression, extraversion – introversion, and stable – unstable. However, there were statistical significant differences between patients in many malignant tumor cancers in the personality traits: Death anxiety, emotional distribution, and optimistic – pessimistic personality, in favor of the uterus cancer patients. (4) There were statistical significant main differences between cancer patients due to six variables related to personality traits: Death anxiety, emotional distribution, and optimistic – pessimistic personality, in favor to the female patients. However, there were no statistical significant main differences between cancer patients due the six variable related to personality traits: Depression, extraversion – Introversion, and stable – unstable.

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Al-Harith Al-Muhasiby’s Philosophy of Teacher Education (243 H‎‏/ ‏‎857 A.D)‎

Al-Harith Al-Muhasiby’s Philosophy of Teacher Education (243 H‎‏/ ‏‎857 A.D)‎

Bashshar Al-Saleem, Mohammad Ilemat

basharalsaleem@yahoo.com

Received : 04-06-2005 , Accepted : 24-05-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study sheds not only light on Al-Muhasiby’s educational thought which is related to the philosophy of the teacher education, but it also endeavours to relate the present to the past by going back to the fundamentals and sources of the Islamic educational thought in order to apply it in our current life. The researchers studied some of Al-Muhasiby’s works that are relevant to the teacher, trying to present his thought in a current perspective. This study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion, in addition to the findings and recommendations. The first chapter deals with the theoritical background of the study, its significance and questions. The second chapter deals with the biography of AL-Muhasiby and his cultural environment. The third chapter addresses the teachers education philosophy (concepts and principles) according to Al-Muhasiby, but in a current perspective, appropriate to what is adopted by many modern educationists. The study comes up with several conclusions, finds and recommentations. Among the most important finds according to Al-Harith Muhasiby: education must spring from the fact that Allah Al-Might, is the only deity to be workshipped, the teacher must adher to the Quran and Sunnah (the Prophets Teachings) besides, the comprehensive and integrated development of the individual, and the adoption of good morals. Among the most important recommendations is that researchers should go back to their cultural heritage to revive its glory and values by adopting it as a source of their educational thought suitable for their cultural characterstics and commensurate with the environment they live in.

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Woman's Image at Civic Education Textbooks in the Palestinian ‎Curriculum from 7th to 9th Grade

Woman's Image at Civic Education Textbooks in the Palestinian ‎Curriculum from 7th to 9th Grade

Alia Al-Assali

alia_71@najah.edu

Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 15-05-2005 , Accepted : 24-05-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This Academic study aimed at investigating woman’s image and how it was dealt with in civic education textbooks for 7th, 8th, and 9th grade in the Palestinian curriculum. the researcher analyzed the syllabus into pictures, concepts, drawings, activities and evaluation to investigate woman’s image in family, work, educational and learning process, political participation, and job images distribution, in order to investigate the range of her representation comparing to man. The research indicates that woman was represented but in a random and unmethodological way in civic education textbooks. Regarding the results the research recommends to pay more interest to the quality in which woman is represented taking her a way from traditional stereotype, and to pay more attention to the distribution of job images fairly between both male and female which will reflect to some extend a realistic and practical society.

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Qadyaniyyah and its Latent Interpretations of Holy Quran Verses

Qadyaniyyah and its Latent Interpretations of Holy Quran Verses

Sami Hasan

info@alalbayt.aabu.edu.jo

Received : 11-04-2005 , Accepted : 24-05-2006

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The human societies are burdened with enormous ideologies, doctrines and political views that have different methodologies for different reasons and purposes. This diversity comes according to the different factors that worked as a catalyst in promoting these ideologies and doctrines to prosper and grow. Therefore I dedicated this study to research a few of them and in particular the Cult of the “Kadianiya” to shatter the myth that surrounds it. Hence revealing their twisted ascription of the Holy Quran will benefit those who seek the truth. In general these mysterious cults are to be considered an evil seeds, which have been sawn in the house of Islam by the “Sapiens” cult in order to undermine the divine revelations and twist its texts with depraved interpretations. I yet have to find any one who profoundly embarked with expansion on the exposition of this sect therefore I find myself motivated to unravel the truth and reveal it to the seekers.

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English Classroom Environment as Perceived‎‏ ‏by English ‎Language Teachers in Nablus

English Classroom Environment as Perceived‎‏ ‏by English ‎Language Teachers in Nablus

Fawaz Aqel

f_aqel2001@yaho.com

Department of Teaching Methodology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 07-09-2003 , Accepted : 15-06-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study sought to identify the English classroom environment as perceived by English Language Teachers in Nablus, and to find out the effect of gender, experience, school stage, and academic qualification on the classroom environment. Further, this study aimed at identifying the most important problems facing the English language teacher. To this end, the study endeavored to answer the following questions: 1. What is the reality of the English classroom environment as viewed by the English language teachers? 2. What are the most important daily classroom problems facing the English Language teachers? 3. Are there a statistical differences in sex, experience, school stage, and academic qualifications on the classroom English environment? The population of the study was the English language teachers of both sexes in all school stages in Nablus. The number of teachers was 166 distributed among 61 schools. Schools chosen were those carrying even numbers. The total number of schools was 30 which included 66 teachers of both sexes. Of these, 46 were females and 20 were males. The researcher developed a 46-item questionnaire to collect the data. Validity and reliability were tested; appropriate statistical analyses were conducted. It was found out that the study variables had no impact on the English classroom environment. It was also found out that most of the problems facing the English language teachers in schools had to do with classroom crowdedness, students' seating, sticking to the textbook and short supply of educational aids. In the light of these findings, the researcher recommended that training courses and workshops be held for teachers on new patterns of classroom behavior. He also recommended changing the way of students' seating in classrooms. He also suggested conducting an empirical study to identify the impact of the English classroom environment on the students' achievement.

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A Bride’s Package in the Light of Islamic Law and the ‎Personal Status Law

A Bride’s Package in the Light of Islamic Law and the ‎Personal Status Law

Marwan Qadomi

alfeqhdep@najah.edu

Received : 31-08-2003 , Accepted : 15-06-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research aims at introducing a study of one side of the rights of wives in the personal status law. We have introduced this study with the lawfulness of the dowry in Islam and the rights of women in getting a dowry and a dwelling suitable for matrimonial life. The study also highlights the obstacles that encounter marriage and ways of dealing with them according to Islamic faith. It also undertakes the issue of a bride’s package, its problems, disputes and its traditional norms in same areas; it also deals with the law governing on bride’s package (dota) for nonmuslims. The research concludes with a call for revoking the dominant traditions which do not agree with the Islamic law, and with the major results that the research arrives at.

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Home Study Environment for Palestinian Students in Basic ‎and Secondary Cycles During Al-Aqsa Intifada‎

Home Study Environment for Palestinian Students in Basic ‎and Secondary Cycles During Al-Aqsa Intifada‎

Jawdat Saadeh, Ismael Abu Zyada, Rohi Abadat

profjawdat@yahoo.com

Received : 17-05-2003 , Accepted : 15-06-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The main purpose of the study was to define the role of five variables that include sex, number of rooms inside the house, family size, grade levels, and the directorate, on the home study environment for Palestinian students in grades ninth, tenth and eleventh during Al-Aqsa Intifada. To achieve this purpose, the researchers developed a (29) item questionnaire that presented to a group of jury to insure its validity and they applied Cronbach Alpha formula to calculate its reliability, and it was (0.90). Means, percentages, "t" independent test, One Way ANOVA and Schefee test for multiple comparisons were used to analyze data collected. The results showed the followings:

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Effects of Quantitative Components of the Palestine Securities ‎Exchange on Al-Quds Index

Effects of Quantitative Components of the Palestine Securities ‎Exchange on Al-Quds Index

Tareq Al-Haj, Ghassan Da'as

tareqalhaj@yahoo.com

Received : 08-10-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The goal of this study is to determine the effects of quantitative components of the Palestine securities exchange upon Al-Quds Index، the effect of those quantitative variables individually، and their extent on the Index value. The results of the study indicate that the quantitative components explain approximately the changing value of Index. Some of them indicate negative effect، while the other indicates positive effects. Also the study indicates that most effects are due to the value of the common capitalized stocks of the listed companies. The findings represent that the thinking methodology of investors will be the same، even the model that depend on pre-intifada financial data. Decrease in investing and dealing values is due to the continuous savings of both investors and community at a whole.

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The Principles Based on Overusage According to Al-Farra`‎‏ ‏in the Light of his Book (Ma’ni Al-Kor’aan)‎

The Principles Based on Overusage According to Al-Farra`‎‏ ‏in the Light of his Book (Ma’ni Al-Kor’aan)‎

Hamdi Al-Jabali

arabdep@najah.edu

Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 09-08-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The intent of this research was to examine the concept of overusage according to AL-Farra` through picking up the linguistic phenomena that he subjucated to the domination of usage and / or overusage and surveyed them interpretably so that he might support his doctrine and construct his principle. The research also brought into view that AL-Farra` was a precursor in admitting that language is subjucated to the effect and interference of usage on directing what was on everybody`s lips or what was frequently used or repeated for the more a thing is overused or is plain in meaning, the mild it will be in speaking and it will become much more permissible than any others.

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The Translatability of Utterances Containing Implicatures ‎from Arabic into English

The Translatability of Utterances Containing Implicatures ‎from Arabic into English

Ekrema‏ ‏Shehab

ikrimas@yahoo.com

English Department, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University,‎ Nablus, Palestine‎

Received : 10-12-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: English

Abstract

This paper basically aims at investigating some major problems encountered in the translation of Arabic utterances containing implicatures (henceforth Arabic implicatures) into English, where what is meant goes well beyond what is said. The data of the study consists of 9 Arabic implicatures identified by the researcher as comprising difficulties to translators. These implicatures have been drawn from Mahfouz’s (1947) novel Ziqaq Al-Midaq. Fifteen M.A. students of translation at An-Najah National University served as the subjects in this study. They were asked to provide their own translations of these Arabic implicatures in the light of their original contexts. The study also uses Trevor Le Gassick’s renditions in his (1975) translation of Mahfouz’s novel. For the purpose of this study, the researcher devised a framework of analysis based on Grice’s (1975) theory of conversational implicature. The framework features Tautology, Irony, and Metaphor as strategies giving rise to conversational implicature. The present paper argues that, when translating Arabic implicatures into English, emphasis should be placed on conveying the pragmatic import by the employment of various strategies ranging from those capturing the form and/or function to those capturing the communicative sense independently.

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A Municipal Management and Decentralization Policy ‎Analysis‏ ‏in the Palestinian Territories

A Municipal Management and Decentralization Policy ‎Analysis‏ ‏in the Palestinian Territories

M. Hisham Jabr

Jabr@najah.edu

Chairman of Finance and Banking Department, Faculty of Economics & ‎Administrative Sciences, An‏-‏Najah National University Nablus, Palestine.‎

Received : 01-09-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: English

Abstract

This study aims at assessing the performance of local government in Palestine in regard to fiscal and administrative decentralization. Data was gathered from the Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Finance and a questionnaire was sent to 12 municipalities' key officials. It was found that the government is organized into the central government headed by the president, the cabinet, the governorates, mayors and village councils. The main functions of the local governments are to provide the necessary needed services. It was found that there is a degree of decentralization in providing the intended services as the functions of each level is clearly defined by the law, even though there is an overlapping amongst these functions due to the current situation instability The study explains several aspects including organization of the local government, decision making process, functional responsibilities, partnership among local government and the performance of these partnerships, employment, training programs, the most urgent issues regarding decentralization process, local government finances, financial standing of municipalities, relationship between central and local governments, and decentralization reforms under preparation, The study ends up with conclusions and recommendations.

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The Matter of Alkohl in Alkafiya-‎‏ ‏By: Mohammad Bin ‎Ibrahim Al- Niksari ‎

The Matter of Alkohl in Alkafiya-‎‏ ‏By: Mohammad Bin ‎Ibrahim Al- Niksari ‎

Shareef Alnajjar

shareefan1963@hotmail.com

Received : 18-10-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research presents a letter in grammatical heritage for a Roman language and origin scientist, Mohammad Bin Ibrahim Al-Niksari. He talks about what is called the matter of Alkohl in Arabic grammar, and it concerns with the cause of nominative comparative for apparent nouns as their saying "I've never seen a man better in his eyes Alkohl than in Zaid's eye". The origin in comparative was not in nominative case. When it was nominated, issue needed reasoning. In this matter, Al-Niksari handled Ibn Al-Hajib's text which concerns with the matter of Alkohl form his book Alkafiya. He explained all what concerns this text, and he commented on several sides belong to this matter. Then, he handled the function of comparative and its likeness to the verb, the cause of its function, and its conditions. After that, he handled the relationship between preferential and its counterpart and he explained the poetic evidence in Ibn Al-Hajib's text.

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The Effect of Suggested Learning Swimming Program on some ‎Variables for Middle Age Men

The Effect of Suggested Learning Swimming Program on some ‎Variables for Middle Age Men

Sadiq Alhayek, Abdelsalam Jaber

sa195588@yahoo.com

Received : 18-10-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of suggested four weeks learning swimming program on the middle age men’s performance, fear degree, and social self-concept. The sample consisted of 24 participants in learning swimming program provided by faculty of physical education at the University of Jordan for local community. The results of data analysis indicated that the suggested swimming program improved the participants’ performance and social self-concept, it also reduced their fear degree. The researchers suggested the implementation of this program, and conducted other studies for other age categories.

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The Rights of the Handicapped in the Islamic Law

The Rights of the Handicapped in the Islamic Law

Marwan Qadomi

alfeqhdep@najah.edu

Received : 22-09-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research deals with an important issue relating to disability and unsociability. Our Islamic religion scholars in former times discussed this to pic in accordance with the chief Islamic legislation sources and the supplements that followed. This research tries to specifty the problem and illustrate what scholars said this respect. Also, it defined the disability and the wisdom behnd it, the principle of joint responsibility within the small community and the social solidarity as well and the different between them. Moreover, I pointed out to the Islamic law principles that implant the spirit of joint responsibility, its resources, bases and illustrated low Islamic regulated it. I refereed also to the public services Islam extended in this respect in the ages of its prosperity. Thus we can identify the right of the handicapped person from an Islamic point of view and low the can be guided and rehabilitated, in the hope that the can mingle with society members within the limits of he power and abilities, so that he can enjoy tranquility and peace. After discussing the topics this research 0 come to its very important results.

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The Settlement Patterns during the Early Bronze Age in ‎Palestine

The Settlement Patterns during the Early Bronze Age in ‎Palestine

Salah Al-Houdalieh

taannek@yahoo.com

Received : 26-07-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The analysis of the distribution of resident areas and therefore identifying its roles based on archaeological field works in the sites which go back to the Bronze Age in the land of Canaanite leads to the recognition of the economic, social and political characteristics of the civilization of that era which extends from 3400 - 2000 BC. Most of the settlements were established during the first stage of that Age, which can be described as farm villages, in fertile areas. Their villages were relatively small communities and without any significant political system. By the end of that stage and the beginning of the next one (EBII), the plains of residential centers were expanded and the population increased. This led to establishment of fortified city-states which constituted unstable political centers during the second and third stages. That was because of civil war which broke out among their military forces. Upon the termination of any political system, the victorious would redivide the sovereignty areas. Despite the state of enemity among the states governors and city mayors, the land of Canaan reached a high stage of prosperity. However, the Land of Canaan suffered at the end of EBIII from hardships which resulted in the destruction of the cities along with their political system. As a result, the number of inhabited areas decreased and a new life style of pastoral economy and modest architecture prevailed.

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Criteria Governing Extension of Direct Credit Facilities by ‎Palestinian Islamic Banks

Criteria Governing Extension of Direct Credit Facilities by ‎Palestinian Islamic Banks

Tareq Al-Haj

tareqalhaj@yahoo.com

Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 07-06-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify criteria regarding the decision of extending direct credit facilities in the Palestinian Islamic banks. The research instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire distributed among 20 credit line employees in banks. However, 18 questionnaires were collected. Data was processed and analyzed using One Way ANOVA Post Hoc, Sheffe test and Linear Regression Analysis R2. The study concluded that Palestinian Islamic banks used a variety of criteria, when they decided to give such facilities with respect to its importance. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, which can significantly contribute to the determination of criteria pertinent to the offering of direct credit facilities so that they could be adopted by the Islamic banks operating in Palestine.

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The Role of Feminine “Ha'a”‎‏ ‏in Plural‏ ‏‎“A perusal in Lisan ‎Al- Arab”‎

The Role of Feminine “Ha'a”‎‏ ‏in Plural‏ ‏‎“A perusal in Lisan ‎Al- Arab”‎

Hamdi Al-Jabali

arabdep@najah.edu

Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 07-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

In view of the fact that Feminine “Ha'a” has a vast prescence in many language issues, this research was intended to display that prescence in a single issue i.e., plural. It was found that Ha’a has an apparent role and a meaningful value in plural, and many of language concepts which are related to plural are connected with it and may be made uninflected in case of its insertion or not.

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Equity in Education

Equity in Education

Fathiyyeh Nasru, Mayya Kafri

fnasru@yahoo.com

Received : 20-07-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper introduces a conceptual framework for education and equity. The concept of education was developed in light of the available literature in the field of philosophy of education. The emphasis was on the concept of pragmatism in education. Learning by doing is a major principle taken from Dewey and was analyzed as it relates to the value system in Islamic and Christian thought. The foundation of education as it relates to equity was introduced in relation to Plato’s Republic. Equity education as originated in Plato’s work assumes that justice is relative. The concept of relativity principle is basic to the development of a conceptual web that this work attempts to produce. The principle of relative justice is seen basic to justify dealing with individual differences in the educational processes. Plato’s dialogue (dialectic method of searching for truth) is the main tenet for ethical practices in education. People are viewed to be equal in their potential to know, learn and act. Consequently people are entitled to have equal opportunity to self-actualization. Each individual is created with a readiness to be developed to the best of his/her inner resources. Yet the resources though equal in quality of human elements (i.e. intellect, rage and biological instinct) yet each element is viewed to have its equal finality according to its positional value in the individual human system. If the intellectual component was in the leading positional value, the individual has to be developed to actualize the virtue of intellect by becoming a philosopher. If rage was in the leading positional value then the individual has to be developed to actualize the virtue of courage. However if the instinct of pleasure was in the leading positional value the virtues to be developed has to be the industrious talent of producing goods. Each individual however has to be trained to maintain balance among the three virtues in him as an individual and between himself and society as a citizen. This concept of balance is a principle tenet in Plato’s equity education. Finally the researchers gave the conclusion remarks and their recommendations based on the conceptual web on education and equity which was presented in this paper.

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An-Najah Academic Activity During the Involuntay Closure 1987-1991‎

An-Najah Academic Activity During the Involuntay Closure 1987-1991‎

Bahjat Sabri

‏info@najah.edu

Received : 18-03-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aims to find answers for questions: How An-Najah National University administrator managed to continue during forced closures? In order to answer these questions one must focus on three aspects of the teaching process: Classroom Instruction: Students in their final year, New students admission, The forced closure led the academic and administrative staff to implement substitute teaching schedule for student in their final years in order to finish their admission requirements. During closure teaching process took place in public places in the city such as mosques, private schools, centers and non government organizations. The duration of teaching was 12 weeks instead of 16 with 4 meetings during the week instead of 3. Then the administration extended this program to include all students at different levels with one could take a maximum of 2 courses. This continued until 1991, when the university was reopened. 179 students graduated in the scholastic year 1987/1988. For new students, criterias were established and new students were accepted on the basis of equal opportunity and according to competitive GPA. The university administration looked at these issues and dealt with them for the duration of the crises.

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Trace of Difference Quranic Recites in Al Wagf and Abteda in the Holy Quran

Trace of Difference Quranic Recites in Al Wagf and Abteda in the Holy Quran

Abdel Rahman Al-Jamal

jamal@mail.iugaza.edu

Received : 25-06-2003 , Accepted : 17-02-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This Academic study in two subjects of Quranic science from many Quran sciences, science of recitations, and Al-wagf. This study aims at declar relation and trace between its tow science, and declar kind of wagf has different by recitations. Reacher have written about wagf and abteda (definition) Its judgment devisions) with examples. Reacher have mentioned the kinds of rcitations attribute to their readers. Finaly reacher direct recitations according the meaning support that with language and interpretion books.

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Animal Maintenance: its Rule and Hadiths

Helmi Abdul-Hadi

law@aauj.edu

Received : 10-05-2003 , Accepted : 17-02-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper examines hadith (prophetic Teachings), whish urge maintenance of animals provision of food and water for it. The researcher also details on this maintenance from a religions perspective. That is, the extent of the legislator power to force the owner of the animal to provide this maintenance. The researcher also tackled this maintener for a gudicial perspective. That is, the extent of the gudges power or rulers power to commit the owner to provide maintenarce to his animal. At the end, the researcher details on scholars opiraions regading this issue and evidence for these opinions and out weighs strong nes.

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The Effect of foreign Banks upon the Activities of Palestinian National Banks

The Effect of foreign Banks upon the Activities of Palestinian National Banks

Tareq Al-Haj, Ghassan Da'as

*tareqalhaj@yahoo.com، ‏**gdaas@yahoo.com

Received : 04-02-2003 , Accepted : 17-02-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The main aim of the research is to investigate the effect of foreign banks upon the Palestinian national banks through six dimensions, besides, investigating the differences through these dimensions. To do so, 50questionnaires were distributed through branches of national and foreign banks, 48 questionnaires were analyzed using (Repeat MANOVA). The result of analysis emphasize the high mean the increasing of banking awareness, where as the least mean the support of Palestinian Monetary Authority for the Palestinian national banks. Upon that it will be recommended of some points that will help Palestinian national banks to be competitive against the foreign ones.

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Al-Rahim “Blood Relations” and Al-Rahman “The Beneficent” Linguistically and in ‎Tafsir “Exegesis of the Holy Quran”‎

Al-Rahim “Blood Relations” and Al-Rahman “The Beneficent” Linguistically and in ‎Tafsir “Exegesis of the Holy Quran”‎

Mohseen Khaldee

usooldep@najah.edu

Received : 08-06-2002 , Accepted : 17-02-2004

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study begins with a definition of “al-rahim” (blood relations) linguistically and technically. “Rahim” is derived from al-rahman (the beneficent). It also reveals the secrets of relationship between the two terms and the reason for deriving them from the name of Allah. Then the study sxplained that the name of Allah “al-rahman” is exclusive for Him only. It is also derived from “al-rahma”. Finally, the paper refuted the claims about the origin of this name that it is not derived or that it is loaned from Hebrew and it reveals the difference between “al-rahman” and “al-rahim”.

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The Effect of Al-Aqsa Intefada on the Kind of Games Played by Palestinian Children ‎ (4-8 years) and their Role in Relieving Psychological Stressors “

The Effect of Al-Aqsa Intefada on the Kind of Games Played by Palestinian Children ‎ (4-8 years) and their Role in Relieving Psychological Stressors “Analytical Study”‎

Mohammed Alhelih

alhelih@yahoo.com

Received : 12-07-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Playing, especially dramatic and animated playing is one of the most important factors affecting child’s development in social and psychological aspects. Although playing is important in the cognitive, moral, social, and psychological development of the child, its considered an effective method for relieving psychological stress and to explore the child’s creativity. The study sample consisted of (2100) Palestinian male and female children, distributed in (72) schools and kindergartens in (32) city, town, and camp in Palestine. This study aimed to: 1. Investigate the effect of Al-Aqsa Intefada on the kinds of games played by Palestinian children between the (4-8) years old. 2. Investigate the effect of playing (dramatic, and animated) in relieving the psychological stress of the Palestinian children. 3. Explain teacher’s role in developing children playing activity. The results showed that Al-Aqsa Intefada affected the king of dramatic and animated games played by Palestinian children. Therefor many games have been developed (4) for girls, (6) for boys, and (3) accompanied by girls and boys. The study concluded the importance of playing in relieving psychological stress among Palestinian children, and highlighted the importance of conducting other researchers in this field.

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The Participant Motivation in Competitive Physical Education Programs for An-Najah ‎National University Students

The Participant Motivation in Competitive Physical Education Programs for An-Najah ‎National University Students

Bader Dweekat

baderrefat@yahoo.com

Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 05-07-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study physical was aimed at investigating the participant motivation in competitive physical education programs for An-Najah Natinal university students. Sample of the study was consisted of (127) participants in Colleges tournament, they were choosen randomly. Gill questionnaire was used to measure the participats motivation, this questionnaire was consisted of four domains; (social, personal, activity teaching, and psychology domain). These domains were consisted of (30) items. Results revealed that the level of parti cipant motivation in the programs for all domains were very important, and the percentage was (85.4%). The motivation rank order for domains was as follow; the activity (86.6%), social (85.2%), personal (84.8). The results also revealed that there was significant no difference in accordance with game variable in all domains. Furthermore, the results pointed out that there ware significant no differences at according to the experience variable for the social, personal, activity teaches domains, while there was differences on the psychological domain in favor of the students of less than five years experience. Based an the study findings the researches recommended to the importance of directing students motivation, and to conduct more studies for other Palestinian universities.

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Issues of the Arab – Zionist Struggle‏ ‏Radical Trends in Israel \ Zionism‎

Issues of the Arab – Zionist Struggle‏ ‏Radical Trends in Israel \ Zionism‎

Fawwaz Sharkawi

fsharkawi@mail.iugaza.edu

Received : 25-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Radical trends were absorbed by Zionism/ Israel which reflected on its practical behavior and thought contents. The study will concentrate only on three trends: At first comes violence which was adopted to face internal conditions and external obstacles Justified by words of the Holly Book, interpretations of the religious men and political leaders. Practically, violence is connected with aggression, military action and security issue. Regional expansion is the second trend, and it is connected by borders. Thus several expressions were laid as: the land of Promise, historical borders, borders of the state, and unlimited borders. Its main effort is to assimilate between people and territory. Dependence and mutual dependence on super power states is the third radical trend. Hence it follows their evolutions over decades. The main aim of this study is to examine and clarify the contents and behavior of Zionism / Israel, and how it can function mutually by struggle parties. The study used descriptive, historical, analytical and comparative research methods to obtain its gains.

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Some Motives for General Secondary Certificate to Join vocational and Technical ‎Colleges in Gaza Governorates‎

Some Motives for General Secondary Certificate to Join vocational and Technical ‎Colleges in Gaza Governorates‎

Abdelrahim Hamdan

abed_hamdan49@hotmail.com

Received : 03-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at identifying the motives that urge General Secondary Certificate to join vocational and technical colleges in Gaza Governorates and to define the ranks of those motives. It also aimed at finding any significant differences between those motives due to sex, college, qualification, and General Secondary Certificate GPA. The population of the study consisted of students attending three technical colleges in Gaza in the academic year (2002/2003). The questionnaire was applied on random sample of (110) students from the three vocational and technical colleges. The data was analyzed through calculating data means, standard deviations, ranks, and One – Way ANOVA. The findings showed that the psychological motive occupied the first rank, while the weakest rank motive was the source of information given to students by the secondary school, the college, the media, and the family. The findings also showed that there are significant differences in the motives of students for joining vocational and technical colleges due to the independent variables.

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Some Motives for General Secondary Certificate to Join vocational and Technical ‎Colleges in Gaza Governorates‎

Some Motives for General Secondary Certificate to Join vocational and Technical ‎Colleges in Gaza Governorates‎

Abdelrahim Hamdan

abed_hamdan49@hotmail.com

Received : 03-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at identifying the motives that urge General Secondary Certificate to join vocational and technical colleges in Gaza Governorates and to define the ranks of those motives. It also aimed at finding any significant differences between those motives due to sex, college, qualification, and General Secondary Certificate GPA. The population of the study consisted of students attending three technical colleges in Gaza in the academic year (2002/2003). The questionnaire was applied on random sample of (110) students from the three vocational and technical colleges. The data was analyzed through calculating data means, standard deviations, ranks, and One – Way ANOVA. The findings showed that the psychological motive occupied the first rank, while the weakest rank motive was the source of information given to students by the secondary school, the college, the media, and the family. The findings also showed that there are significant differences in the motives of students for joining vocational and technical colleges due to the independent variables.

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The Caliphate in Early Islam (A Study in Political and Religious Thinking and its ‎Development in the Islamic State During the Initial Phase of Founda

The Caliphate in Early Islam (A Study in Political and Religious Thinking and its ‎Development in the Islamic State During the Initial Phase of Foundation)‎

Jamal Juda

jamaljuda@yahoo.com

Received : 15-04-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at maping out the political and religious thinking in Early Islam. To this end, the author tackled the significance of the term “Caliphate” and its development until the late second century of Hijra. Islam came up with a plan for political unity of all peoples of the world based on loyalty to aqida (belief). For this purpose, Islam raised the term “al-Umma al-Mujahida” –Holy warrior nation- deriving its legitimacy from Heaven and counting on the promise, in the Holy Qur’an, that it will take inheritance of the land and its subjugation. The Holy Qur’an dwelt on the term “the Caliphate” which carries two significant meanings: the institution of man as vicegerent of Allah(SWT); the institution of government as continuation of the worldly government of the Prophet Muhammad, This involves construction on this earth and implementation of Shari’a on servants of Allah. Thus, one finds harmony between the goals of the Islamic da’wa (call) and the Qur’anic discourse on the issue of inheritance of earth and its subjugation. The state of al-Umma al-Mujahida was able to realize the promise of Allah in late second decade of the Guided Caliphate Period. The Leader of the Faithful was called caliph of Allah on all Muslims and non-Muslims. The Sahaba generation (the Prophet’s companions) and its scholars approved this title. However, after the events of the First Fitna and their consequences, namely the emergence of opposition to the authority, the exploitation of the authority of this title, emphasizing coercive(al-jabriyah) thinking and the suppression of the opposition, the post-companion era scholars withdrew their recognition of the leader of the Faithful. The Umma scholars’ dependence on the Sunna (the Prophetic teachings), in their understanding of the Holy Qur’an and raising it in their slogans against the opposition to the authority by calling it to follow the messengers and prophets’ method (approach), represented a heavy burden on the authority. This forced the opposition to assert that the Leader of the Faithful was Allah’s vicegerent as well as His caliph in order to marginalize the role of religious scholars in society and in legislation. Thus, the scholars adhered to the prophetic teachings (Sunna), thus making them emphasize the agreement that the Leader of the Faithful was the successor of the Prophet of Allah and not the vicegerent of Allah. When the Abbassid era emerged, they responded positively to the scholars’ point of view; for the first time, they introduced the title “Khalifata Rasul Allah” to the Leader of the Faithful but at the same time kept the title vicegerent of Allah. In this, the caliph became deputy for Allah and His messenger in guarding the religion and worldly policy. The authority’s adherence to the title of vicegerent of Allah emphasized the absolute rule in the state of caliphate and gave it the justification to suppress the opposition, This in itself explains the Umma scholars’ and jurisprudents’ opposed attitudes towards this title. They did not recognize it and tilted towards the title of successor of Allah’s messengers and considered themselves as those who inherit Prophets and Messengers thus emphasizing their role in legislation as well as in society.

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Syntactical Opinions of Al-Khalil in the Sight of “Al-Ain Book”‎

Syntactical Opinions of Al-Khalil in the Sight of “Al-Ain Book”‎

Hamdi Al-Jabali

arabdep@najah.edu

Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 15-04-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper presents a number of significant signs of clear contrast and complete opposition between a set of opinions of the writer of “Kitaab Al-Ain” and those of Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad. This opens up an opportunity to a new call for the verification of Al-Khalil’s attribution of “Kitaab Al-Ain”. So as to achieve this, the researcher relied on laying the material of “Kitaab Al-Ain” before the syntactical points of view attributed to Al-Khalil in “Al-Kitaab” for ‘Sybawaih’ or any other grammar books, in addition to some scholars’ obscurities concerning the ownership of “Kitaab Al-Ain” presented in the introduction of this paper.

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Housing Unit and Households Projection Methods in the Palestinian Territory up to‏ ‏‎2010‎

Housing Unit and Households Projection Methods in the Palestinian Territory up to‏ ‏‎2010‎

Mahmoud Abd-Alrahman

mahmouda@pcbs.pna.org

Received : 01-02-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Development planners require future estimates about households and housing units in order to create appropriate strategies for short-term and long-term services in line with the size and need of the Palestinian society. There are several projection methods for households and housing units, however, internationally applied housing units projection methods cannot be applied to the Palestinian Territory in the present time due to lack of necessary data. Households’ projections have been used to identify the number of housing units, which the Palestinian Territory will need in the coming years. In this study a future estimates concerning the number of households and housing units based on several methods of projection: such as head of households rate method and average of household size method. According to estimates, the number of housing units of the Palestinian Territory will rise from 460,418 in 1997 to 752,875 in 2005 with an increasing rate of 63.5%. Estimates also show that the number of housing units of the Palestinian Territory of 2010 will be 973,761 including 650,804 in the West Bank and 322,957 in Gaza Strip. In the light of the above mentioned results concerning housing projections, it is possible to say that the head of households rate method is the closest to reality, especially that such method has been used by a number of countries and recommended by the United Nations. The head of households rate method is also applicable to many countries including those with insufficiently developed statistics and methods of analysis. The average of household size method, which assumes a drop by 0.05 annually, showed close results to those of the internationally recommended head of households rate method.

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Thur-Rummah Baaiyyah between Old and Recent Scholars

Thur-Rummah Baaiyyah between Old and Recent Scholars

Mohammed Dawabsheh

mdawabsheh@aauj.edu

Received : 10-12-2001 , Accepted : 02-12-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This research aims at studying the famous poem of Thur- Rummah in the umayyad period. It also aims at acknowledging the new approaches for the criticism methods, particularly the mythical methods, and understanding the old literaring texts, through contracting the different opinions of old and recent critics. In this poem the researcher discovered the requirements of the critic, old and recent towards the text and its relationship with the poet’s psychological condition based on the different mentioned opinions in this respect.

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ٍShort Communication: The Role of An-Najah University in the Literary Critique in Palestine

ٍShort Communication: The Role of An-Najah University in the Literary Critique in Palestine

Adel Al-Osta

info@najah.edu

Received : 08-10-2002 , Accepted : 13-04-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

In this short communication try the researcher to show the role of an-Najah University in the literary critique in Palestine. He depends on many studies and articles that were written about the literary critique in Palestine, then he follows the efforts of an-Najah University teachers and students who have anew methode or terms in their studies.

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The Basic Performance Teaching Competencies Of Teachers In The First Basic ‎Educational Stage Which are Needed For Teaching Physical Education

The Basic Performance Teaching Competencies Of Teachers In The First Basic ‎Educational Stage Which are Needed For Teaching Physical Education

Mohd. Khamis Abu Nimreh

drabunemreh@yahoo.com

Received : 17-03-2003 , Accepted : 05-10-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the basic performance teaching competencies of teachers in the first Basic Education stage, which are necessary for teaching Physical Education, and to identify the level of basic performance teaching competencies that teachers own from their point of view and their head teacher's point of view. It tended also, to identify if there were significant differences from the teacher's point of view and their head teacher's point of view in teachers basic performance teaching competencies in which are due to sex, experience, educational level, and interaction among these variables. The sample of this study consisted of (243) male and female teachers and (62) school head teachers, they were randomly selected from the population of this study. The researcher used 44- item questionnaire, covering three domains: Teaching planning competencies, teaching implementation competencies, and evaluation competencies. The results of this study revealed that: from the teacher's point of view, they possess (32) basic performance teaching competencies with big degree and (12) competencies with fair degree, and from the head teacher's point of view the teacher in First basic Educational stage possess (1) competency with big degree and (43) competencies with fair degree. The result of this study also showed that from the teacher's point of view and the head teacher's point of view, there were no significant differences in teachers possession basic performance teaching competencies related to sex, experience, educational level and interaction among these variables. However, there were significant differences between the point of view of teachers and head teachers about the teacher's possession of basic performance teaching competencies in all the three domains of the study. In light of the foregoing, the researcher recommended to use the findings (competencies) in educational supervision and in – service training programme, to take more care about teacher's fair competencies; to organize physical education courses for teachers who teach in basic educational stage, and to carry out further studies in depending on close supervision to ensure the availability of those competencies in teachers and in their practices.

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People’s Right to Know

People’s Right to Know

'Abdeljawad 'Abdeljawad

smallworldlike123@yahoo.com

Department of Journalism, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 03-02-2003 , Accepted : 05-10-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

Mass media issues are diversified. They encompass legal and ethical sides. Because of their interpretative and philosophical nature, they are still without a clear and specified concept. What complicates the subject more is the acceleration in media technology. Naturally, with every invention comes legal and ethical issues concerning the rule of media in the society and their relations with the people and government. Also, the bad use of the media, as was the case during World Wars I and II, increases people’s need for a diversification in information and its sources, so that people can benefit from it in all aspects of their lives. As a result, many voices have risen, calling for people’s “rights” to communicate, to know, and to express their opinions. Because of the particularity of every political system, every state differently perceives such “rights,” based on its own understanding of the meaning of freedom and communication concepts. A democratic society, as an example, considers one of these rights, people’s right to know, as its basic pillar in which the will of the people is the utmost principle for power, ruling, and decision–making. For the people to be able to choose their representatives rightly, all information sources must be available to them. In this case, people will be able to do their rule in the society. A democratic government is for the people and by the people. So, an individual has the right to know what his/her government is doing, because such activities touches his/her life directly or indirectly. This research thoroughly discusses and explains the developments and stages which this media issue has passed through until today.

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Family Violence Against Women: Its Causes, & the Islamic Measures to Deal ‎with It‎

Family Violence Against Women: Its Causes, & the Islamic Measures to Deal ‎with It‎

Naser Aldeen Alsha'er

nasershaer@yahoo.com

Received : 30-04-2002 , Accepted : 13-04-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This paper deals with family violence against women that has become a social phenomenon about which several conferences, workshops and campaigns have been held. The paper investigates the causes of violence, its patterns, its prevalence and danger. As an introduction to the related Islamic legislation, established to limit the phenomenon and its effects, a literature review is included. In addition, Islamic legislative measures proposed in numerous Islamic sources (Fiqh, Tafseer and Hadeeth) were studied and analyzed. As a result, this research concluded that family violence in our society is prevalent and badly needs necessary measures to encounter this phenomenon in order to reduce it. This study came up with ten Islamic measures that may contribute to limit the phenomenon.

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Determinants of Labor Supply and Labor Force Participation in the West Bank ‎and Gaza Strip

Determinants of Labor Supply and Labor Force Participation in the West Bank ‎and Gaza Strip

Basim Makhool

makho@najah.edu

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 14-01-2003 , Accepted : 25-05-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study estimated labor supply and labor force participation rate functions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip by using regression analysis. It was found that the discouraged workers’ effect dominated the added workers’ effect in both the West Bank and Gaza labor force. Also, it was found that the effect of real wages policies was significant on labor supply in the West Bank owing to the high uncompensated wage elasticity of labor supply. However, wage policies did not affect labor supply in Gaza. Further, labor supply elasticity, with respect to labor demand, was relatively high which indicates that policies aimed at reducing unemployment should focus on job creation, but not on policies affecting labor supply. Finally, the results showed that current labor supply was positively related to labor supply in the previous period.

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The Role of the Palestinian Issue in the development of German – Saudi ‎Relations 1929-1939‎

The Role of the Palestinian Issue in the development of German – Saudi ‎Relations 1929-1939‎

Nezam 'Abbasi

nezamabbasi@yahoo.com

Department of History, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 03-12-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study discusses the role of the Palestinian problem in the Saudi – German relation during 1929-1939, when the first steps of establishing this relation started by signing the Friendship and Cooperation agreement between them in Cairo 1929, and ended when the second world war began in 1939. During that time, the Palestiniane problem had an influence on this relation based on the attitudes of the political Saudi leadership that are based on Islam and protecting Islamic holy places on one hand, and the attempt to decrease the British pressure and influence on the Saudi decision on the other hand. As for the Germans, they found a political and economical benefit in this relation during the time of the Weimer government, which developed after 1933 when the Nazi party became the governing party to use it strategically in confronting/distracting Britain.

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Production Function Analysis of the Stone Industry in the West Bank and Gaza

Production Function Analysis of the Stone Industry in the West Bank and Gaza

Basim Makhool

makho@najah.edu

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 24-03-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study estimated a generalized constant elasticity of substitution (CES) and Cobb-Douglas production functions of the Palestinian stone cutting industry in 1997 by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique. Results of the study revealed that the stone industry, in general, was characterized by decreasing returns to scale, while small firms enjoyed constant returns to scale. Also, it was found that the output elasticity with respect to labor, was greater than the output elasticity with respect to capital. In addition, a significant statistical difference at 1% level of significance was found between large and small firms in the sense that large firms faced a low elasticity of substitution between labor and capital, while small firms had higher possibilities of substituting labor for capital.

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Islamic Banking in Palestine Challenges and Prospects

Islamic Banking in Palestine Challenges and Prospects

Hisham Jabr

Hjabr90@yahoo.com

Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 17-06-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: English

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the challenges and prospects of Islamic banks operating in the Palestinian territories. The study starts by a historical background of Islamic banks. Four Islamic banks are now operating with 12 branches with total assets of about 261 million dollars as at the end of March 2001. The study shows the market share of Islamic banks of the banking market, Investments classification according to economic sectors. And challenges which face Islamic banks. The study ends with recommendations. These recommendations help these banks to prosper and grow.

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The Ownership of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in Palestine (1876-1937)

The Ownership of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in Palestine (1876-1937)

Ameen Abu Bakr

aabubaker@qou.edu

Received : 17-06-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This subject deals with the land ownership of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in Palestine during the period from 1876 to 1937. These lands have been known by various titles including the lands of Jeftlek, the Sultanate, and the Hamidian. The areas of these lands which equal about 2.5 million dunums broke the record of all the ownership that Palestine has witnessed in the modern age. The subject has been approached in three main axes. The first dealt with the factors that influenced the ownership formation specifically the enforcement system that was put in effect due to the economical, social and political conditions of Palestine. The other factor was the development policy adopted by the Ottoman Empire during the age of organization and the resistance of the foreign interpenetration movement. The second axis dealt with the size of ownership and the extent of its spread in the three Palestinian districts: Acre, Nablus, and Jerusalem. It focused in Al-Hawla basin, the sources of the Jordan River, the plain of Bisan valley, al-Fara’ valley, the plain of Jericho, the hill of Irad, the side of Zerqa River, Rafah, and other locations. The third axis was dedicated to deal with the radical changes that overwhelmed the Jeftlek lands. It also concentrated on the process of solving the question of ownership and returning them to the state treasury. In addition it dealt with the attempts of the foreign interpenetration movement specifically the Zionist corporations after the expulsion of the Sultan by the Union and Development Society in 1909 until it was settled during the British Mandate in 1937.

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Faculty Staff and Students Assessments of the Graduate Programs at Al-Quds University

Faculty Staff and Students Assessments of the Graduate Programs at Al-Quds University

Mohammad Abdeen

abdeen9@macam.ac.il

Received : 20-03-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the present status of the graduate programs at Al-Quds University as well as their problems as perceived by faculty staff and students. Results showed that staff and students gave high evaluation degrees for the graduate programs in the fields of graduate studies goals, contents, and teaching and learning styles, and moderate degrees in the fields of evaluation, staff, and policies. Both groups gave low degrees for the programs in the field of program facilitation. As identified by staff, the graduate studies problems were mainly the absence of substantial and research facilitation and weak relationship with development needs; while from the students’ viewpoints, those problems were high tuition, absence of substantial and research facilitation, offering some courses once a year, and unconsideration of students evaluation of programs and courses. The study recommended that an overall review of graduate programs be undertaken, substantial support be offered, development-related student research be encouraged and supported, and more concern about the library be paid.

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Cost Structure, Economies and Returns to Scale of the Palestinian Industries: Econometric Investigationht

Cost Structure, Economies and Returns to Scale of the Palestinian Industries: Econometric Investigation

Basem Makhool

Makho@najah.edu

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

Received : 16-03-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003

Language: Arabic

Abstract

This study made an analysis of components of production costs of Palestinian industries. Also, a Second Order Translog Cost Function was estimated by using the ordinary least squares. Results of the study revealed that the raw materials had the biggest share in production cost (72%) followed by labor cost (21%). It was also found that large firms had benefited from economies of scale more than small firms. Generally, the Palestinian industries enjoyed economies of scale as well as increasing returns to scales. However, it was found that some industrial sectors had reached a stage of diseconomies of scales. This is an indication that some Palestinian firms did not work effectively, and failed to reach the optimal plant size. Based on these findings, we can say that improving productivity is the basic source to improve Palestinian industries’ competitiveness. Therefore, there is a need to provide incentives for projects enjoying economies of scale to expand internally or by merger. Further, there is a need for setting up of government programs to explain the importance of merger among small firms and promote it. Finally, there is a need for reconsidering the policy of industrial firm licensing applied now because it doesn’t give enough attention to the degree of scale economies and returns to scale upon granting licensing.

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